UC San Diego bioengineers and material science experts used a nano-bio technology method of placing mesenchymal stem cells on top of very thin titanium oxide nanotubes in order to control the conversion paths, called differentiation, into osteoblasts or bone building cells. Mesenchymal stem cells, which are different from embryonic stem cells, can be extracted and directly supplied from a patient’s own bone marrow. The researchers described their lab findings in a paper published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), “Stem Cell Fate Dictated Solely by Altered Nanotube Dimension".

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